One of the most important parameters for design of hydraulic constructions is STANDARD PROJECT STORM which is derived from IDF curves for specific durations and return periods. The previous methods to estimate IDF curves are time consuming. In addition, they required many input parameters that tend to reduce their reliability. In previous methods, rainfall data should be recorded in different durations to extract the IDF curves. In some regions, only 24-hour rainfall data are recorded that they cannot build the IDF curves. In this study, temporal scaling properties of rainfall were used to extract the IDF curves for short durations from daily rainfall data. The used method has less complex stages and less number of parameters compares to previous methods. The proposed method was used in Saveh hydro-meteorological station as a case study and the results indicated its reasonable accuracy.

Risk management is necessary to reduce failures caused by various risks such as uncertain economic cycles, uncertain customer demand and unpredictable natural and human disasters, etc. In this study, it was attempted to identify and prioritize PROJECT risks according to PMBOK STANDARD and rank them based on fuzzy techniques and hierarchical analysis, to provide complete and comprehensive information on PROJECT risk management. Provide managers and experts with petroleum products. This research was carried out in three oil industry PROJECTs (PROJECT a, PROJECT b, and PROJECT c) in collaboration with 4 engineering consultants of oil industry PROJECTs. In this study, using previous studies and consulting company consultants and within the framework of the PMBOK STANDARD, the risks of petroleum industry PROJECTs were divided into four groups: technical, intra-organizational, inter-organizational and PROJECT management. Risks were then ranked by fuzzy hierarchical analysis (AHP). To rank the risks, the criteria of cost, time, quality and scope of the PROJECT were determined using paired comparisons. Risks were ranked based on the impact they have on the PROJECT objectives (cost, quality, PROJECT time and cost). After weighing the risks, three research PROJECTs were paired on the basis of each identified risk, and the result of these comparisons was used as the input to the fuzzy inference. Finally, the success rate of each PROJECT was achieved and PROJECT b ranked first, PROJECT a ranked second and PROJECT c ranked third, thus PROJECT b was selected as the PROJECT with the lowest risk.

One of the most important problems in PROJECT management is the undesirable time and cost variances of PROJECTs which are not considered before the PROJECT implementation. This problem is the result of the risks, occurring in the length of the PROJECT implementation. In this case, Risk Management based on PMBOK STANDARD can be proposed as a methodology that is so vital because of uncertain nature of PROJECTs and necessity of best resources usage.Also, one of the best methods to prioritize the risks quickly and accurately is Risk Failure Mode& Effect Analysis. In this article, risk assessment is presented by an integrated model based on Risk Management process of PMBOK STANDARD and RFMEA technique in North Azadegan Oil Field PROJECT.Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of this article, the risks of a PROJECT are identified, firstly. Then, they are prioritized by RFMEA technique. The third step focuses on simulating the PROJECT by Pertmaster software. Finally, the response strategies for each highpriority risk are determined.

In this paper, we discussed STANDARD point positioning technique based on the single frequency code-based (C/A) receivers. Then, we presented its performance by means of different measures. However, the use of one single frequency GPS receiver to obtain high-precision positioning make a major challenge due to the environmental biases, in particular the ionospheric effects are handled. The main objective of the present study is to integrate a inospheric model such as Klobuchar Inospheric Model (KIM) with imprecise code (C/A) observations under intense geomagnetic STORM conditions, then, to obtain dm level positioning accuracy using Kalman filter. For this purpose we used code (C/A) observations on two different days (February 26, 2018 and December 20, 2015) at Tehran station. The results show that we could obtain multi-dm level positioning accuracy under geomagnetic STORM condition by using Kalman filter that will be important in the field of kinematic applications.

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day STANDARD using curve fitting models for genetic and management practices. Individual curves do not have a STANDARD shape in all cases, and can deviate from the STANDARD pattern according to factors such as individual differences, and type of fitted models. These non-STANDARD curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously increasing or decreasing and reversed STANDARDs. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) and Pollott (biological), on 7659 and 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 and 776 first calving Iranian Simmental and Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of increasing (b) and decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of STANDARD curves from the Pollott and Wood models were 85.5% and 62.2% for Simmental, and 83.1% and 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% and 16.9%, Simmental and Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed STANDARD was the most (22.3% and 16.5%, Simmental and Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of STANDARDizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only differences between breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).

This article proposed PROJECT risk management model based on different PROJECT phases with emphasis on building phase and installation considering risk management in powerhouse PROJECTs. Accordingly, a case study on Manjil Wind Farm was conducted to firstly detect the most important risks of building phase and installation in this PROJECT considering different arbitrary risks and then, to propose the risk management model to evaluate the impact, the possibility of diagnosis and risk incidence, and their impact on the main purposes of this PROJECT which are time, quality, expenses and security; moreover, a model was proposed to prioritize the detected risks in this PROJECT based on group opinions and AHP method, and the following results were gathered. After determining about the detected risks priorities, react or response programs to critical and important risks were provided and the consequence of react or revision actions in risk management program were recorded with offering some comments.

Compared to the foundation of developing international STANDARDs in developed countries, the difference in competencies due to the different environmental settings of developing countries is one of the necessities of developing national competency STANDARDs. The necessity, however, triggered the study of the theoretical foundations of developing the national competency STANDARD of PROJECT managers in Iran as a grounded theory. Moreover, the impact of macro-environmental factors and particular conditions of the country on PROJECT management is perceptible in causal condition contexts. As a result of these causal conditions, an environment of complete change, unprincipled PROJECTs, behaviors with low predictability, and laws with individual interpretability have been formed. Accordingly, to perform the PROJECT, the impact of behavioral competencies on environmental conditions and the importance of behavioral and ecological competencies compared to technical competencies are important issues in changing the management model towards the second order of PROJECT management. Altogether, the requirement to change the pattern of technical competencies with methods based on agility is a strategic concept. In these circumstances, it seems necessary to leave the following items aside for successful PROJECTs: typical linear programming structures and focus on competencies such as holism, persistent troubleshooting, instantaneous management, creativity and problem-solving capability, high mental preparedness, flexibility, commitment, and result orientation.

Background and Aims: Overlapping of the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth in the panoramic radiography is a major concern. Therefore, an option has been developed in the panoramic unit of Planmeca Promax, namely improved interproximal mode. This mode causes lower horizental angle with the teeth contact region during the unit rotation decreasing overlapping of the panoramic images of the posterior teeth especially premolar teeth. The present study was done to compare the overlapping of posterior teeth using two techniques of improved interproximal panoramic program and STANDARD panoramic.Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic study, 32 patients requiring panoramic radiographies at their posterior teeth during their routine diagnosis and treatment process with the mean age of 27.3 years were participated. No patients showed crowding of posterior teeth or missed and restored posterior teeth. The participants' panoramic radiographies were randomly taken by two techniques of improved interproximal panoramic and STANDARD panoramic using Planmeca Promax device. The overlapping of the panoramic images was blindly assessed by an oral radiologist. The overlapping in both techniques was reported by frequency and percentage. The comparisons were done by Chi-square test between two techniques and the odds ratio of overlapping was estimated using regression analysis.Results: In STANDARD panoramic techniques, 38.5% (148 contacts of 384 contacts) of the proximal surfaces overlapped while the overlapping of the proximal surfaces was observed in 18.8% (72 contacts of 384 overall contacts) in improved interproximal technique. Significant differences were noted between two techniques regarding overlapping (P<0.001). Also 66.4% and 39.1% of 4-5 teeth contacts overlapped in STANDARD and improved techniques. The values were reported to be 39.1% and 12.5% in contacts of 5-6 teeth and 10.2% and 4.7% in the contacts of 6-7 teeth in both techniques, respectively. The overlapping odds ratio in improved technique as compared to STANDARD techniques was 2.72 more. While the odds ratio of overlapping in the contact regions of 4-5 and 5-6 teeth was 16.4 and 4.61 as compared to the contact region of 6-7 teeth (all: P<0.001). The lower or upper jaw with the patients' mouth side did not significantly influence the overlapping of the proximal surfaces in both panoramic techniques.Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study, improved interproximal panoramic significantly reduced the overlapping of proximal surfaces in the panoramic radiographies of posterior teeth as compared to the STANDARD panoramic technique. Therefore, it can be used to detect proximal caries in the posterior teeth as a diagnostic tool. Using this option may affect other part of panoramic image which should be investigated in other research.